may therefore be below these guidelines. In endur-
ance athletes, on the other hand, the values may
be higher due to the low body fat percentage and
the high muscle mass.
The water percentage determined using these
diagnostic scales is not suitable for drawing medi-
cal conclusions on e.g. age-related water retention.
If necessary, consult your physician. The general
objective is a high water percentage.
Muscle mass
The muscle mass in % is normally within the follow-
ing ranges:
Male
Age
low
10–14
<44 %
15–19
<43 %
20–29
<42 %
30–39
<41 %
40–49
<40 %
50–59
<39 %
60–69
<38 %
70–100
<37 %
Female
Age
low
10–14
<36 %
15–19
<35 %
20–29
<34 %
30–39
<33 %
40–49
<31 %
50–59
<29 %
60–69
<28 %
70–100
<27 %
normal
high
44–57 %
>57 %
43–56 %
>56 %
42-54 %
>54 %
41–52 %
>52 %
40–50 %
>50 %
39–48 %
>48 %
38–47 %
>47 %
37–46 %
>46 %
normal
high
36–43 %
>43 %
35–41 %
>41 %
34–39 %
>39 %
33–38 %
>38 %
31–36 %
>36 %
29–34 %
>34 %
28–33 %
>33 %
27–32 %
>32 %
Bone mass
Like the rest of our body, bone in the body is subject
to a natural process of building, loss and ageing. In
childhood the bone mass increases rapidly, reaching
its maximum at 30 to 40 years of age. With increas-
ing age the bone mass then decreases again. A
healthy diet (particularly calcium and vitamin D)
and regular exercise can prevent this to some ex-
tent. By building muscle you can further improve
the health of your skeleton.
Note: Please note that these diagnostic scales do
not reveal the complete bone mass, but rather just
the bone mineral ratio (without water content or
organic substances).
Although the bone mass can only be influenced
minimally, it does fluctuate slightly within factors
(weight, height, age, gender). There are no recog-
nised guidelines or recommendations.
Note: Do not confuse bone mass with bone density.
The bone density can only be determined with
medical tests (e.g. computer tomography, ultrasound).
These diagnostic scales therefore cannot be used
to draw conclusions on changes in the bones and
bone strength (e.g. osteoporosis).
BMR
The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of
energy the body requires at rest to maintain its ba-
sic functions (e.g. 24 hours of bed rest). This value
is substantially influenced by weight, height and age.
The diagnostic scales shows the unit of measure
kcal /day calculated based on the scientifically
recognised Harris-Benedict equation.
This amount of energy is absolutely required by
your body and must be taken in through the diet.
Consuming less energy for extended periods may
be harmful to your health.
AMR
The active metabolic rate (AMR) is the amount of
energy the body burns each day through activity. A
person's energy requirement increases with activity
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