PL
(WPMELG 64;$7
0C Y[ YKGVNCE\W FQUVúRPG Uæ VT[D[ QE\[U\E\CPKC RQYKGVT\C 64;$ #761 64;$ /#-5;/#.0; 14#<
64;$ 7 2+'0+#
&QO[ NP[O VT[DGO VGIQ WT\æF\GPKC Y EJYKNK LGIQ Y æE\GPKC LGUV VT[D CWVQOCV[E\P[ 9U\[UVMKG VT[D[ OQ PC
Y[DTCè TúE\PKG PCEKUMCLæE QFRQYKGFPK RT\[EKUM PC Y[ YKGVNCE\W
6T[D #.'4)++ 0# 2; -+ OQ G \QUVCè CMV[YQYCP[ \C ROMOEæ CRNKMCELK J1P
TRYB AUTO [Rys. 9]:
,GUV VQ FQO[ NP[ VT[D RTCE[ WT\æF\GPKC *2WTK GT RT\[ RKGTYU\[O Y æE\GPKW 9 6T[DKG #WVQ *2WTK GT
CWVQOCV[E\PKG FQUVQUQYWLG RTúFMQ è YGPV[NCVQTC FQ CMVWCNPGIQ RQ\KQOW LCMQ EK RQYKGVT\C Y
RQOKGU\E\GPKW Y EGNW \CIYCTCPVQYCPKC LGIQ QRV[OCNPGIQ QE\[U\E\CPKC
,GUV \CNGECP[O WUVCYKGPKGO VGIQ WT\æF\GPKC
9 VT[DKG #761 RQ OKPWVCEJ FQUMQPC GL LCMQ EK RQYKGVT\C 6YQLG WT\æF\GPKG YGLF\KG Y VT[D ECO,
YUVT\[OWLæE HWPMELú QE\[U\E\CPKC 9KGNQE\WLPKMQY[ U[UVGO OQPKVQTQYCPKC DúF\KG MQPV[PWQYC CPCNK\ú
RQYKGVT\C Y RQOKGU\E\GPKW K Y TC\KG MQPKGE\PQ EK CWVQOCV[E\PKG Y æE\[ HWPMELú QE\[U\E\CPKC
TRYB MAKSYMALNY [Rys. 10]:
#D[ Y æE\[è OCMU[OCNPæ OQE QE\[U\E\CPKC RQYKGVT\C PCEK PKL RT\[EKUM VT[DW /#-5;/#.0')1 PC
Y[ YKGVNCE\W #D[ Y[L è \ VT[DW /#-5;/#.0')1 Y[UVCTE\[ Y[DTCè VT[D #761 NWD VT[D 7 2+'0+#
64;$ 7 2+'0+# =4[U ?
#D[ Y æE\[è PCLPK U\æ OQE QE\[U\E\CPKC RQYKGVT\C PCEK PKL RT\[EKUM VT[DW 7 2+'0+# 2T\[EKUM VT[DW
7 2+'0+# EKGOPK UKú C YU\[UVMKG KPPG MQPVTQNMK Y[ YKGVNCE\C DúFæ Y[ æE\QPG /Q PC \OKGPKè VG
WUVCYKGPKC PCEKUMCLæE RT\[EKUM -10641.# 1 9+'6.'0+#
64;$ #.'4)++ 0# 2; -+ =4[U ?
6T[D #.'4)++ 0# 2; -+ OQ PC Y æE\[è LGF[PKG \C RQOQEæ CRNKMCELK J1P #D[ WVYQT\[è 241(+. #.'4)++
0# 2; -+ PCLRKGTY PCNG [ CMV[YQYCè K \CTGLGUVTQYCè RTQ N Y CRNKMCELK
6T[D #NGTIKK PC R[ MK F\KC C V[NMQ YVGF[ IF[ Y[DTCP[ LGUV VT[D #761 [Rys. 12c]
9 VT[DKG #NGTIKK PC R[ MK WT\æF\GPKG UVCNG QVT\[OWLG QF CRNKMCELG FCPG Y E\CUKG T\GE\[YKUV[O Q
OQPKVQTQYCP[O UVú GPKW R[ MÎY PC \GYPæVT\ K RTCEWLG CWVQOCV[E\PKG Y EGNW \OCMU[OCNK\QYCPKC
Y[FCLPQ EK RT\GEJY[V[YCPKC R[ MÎY
#D[ YURQOÎE \ CIQF\GPKG QDLCYÎY CNGTIKE\P[EJ RT\GEJY[EQPG R[ MK Uæ KPCMV[YQYCPG
2Q Y æE\GPKW VT[DW #NGTIKK PC R[ MK Y CRNKMCELK PC Y[ YKGVNCE\W WT\æF\GPKC RQLCYKæ UKú OQ NKYG NCORMK
.CORMC #NGTIKK PC R[ MK LGUV $+# # [Rys. 12a] 7T\æF\GPKG K CRNKMCELC OQPKVQTWLæ QDGEPQ è R[ MÎY PC
\GYPæVT\ DTCM T[\[MC
.CORMC #NGTIKK PC R[ MK \OKGPKC MQNQT PC ¦ 6; =4[U D? C 1MTæI C .CORMC #NGTIKK PC R[ MK LGUV
$+# # [Rys. 12a? 7T\æF\GPKG K #RNKMCELC Y[MT[ [ \CITQ GPKG
,G NK RT\[ CMV[YP[O VT[DKG #NGTIKK PC R[ MK RTQFWMV \QUVCPKG TúE\PKG RT\G æE\QP[ FQ VT[DW 7 2+'0+# NWD
VT[DW /#-5;/#.0')1 VT[D #NGTIKK PC R[ MK \QUVCPKG Y[ æE\QP[
(WPMELC 56'419#0+# 1 9+'6.'0+'/ =4[U ?
&QUVúRPG Uæ WUVCYKGPKC Q YKGVNGPKC Y[ YKGVNCE\C 9 æE\QP[ EKGOPKQP[ K 9[ æE\QP[
#D[ Y[TGIWNQYCè LCUPQ è RQF YKGVNGPKC Y[ YKGVNCE\C Y[UVCTE\[ YEKUPæè RT\[EKUM 1 9+'6.'0+'
PC Y[ YKGVNCE\W CD[ RT\GL è RT\G\ FQUVúRPG QRELG &QO[ NP[O WUVCYKGPKGO Q YKGVNGPKC LGUV 10
Y æE\QPG
,G NK Y[DTCPQ QRELú 1((
Y[ æE\QPG PCNG [ FYWMTQVPKG PCEKUPæè FQYQNP[ KPP[ RT\[EKUM Y EGNW CMV[YCELK
RQ LGFP[O PCEK PKúEKW MQPVTQNMK UVCPæ UKú 24<;%+'/0+10' RQ FTWIKO PCEK PKúEKW HWPMELC \QUVCPKG
aktywowana.
(WPMELC <#$'<2+'%<'0+# 24<'& &<+'ç/+ =4[U ?
#D[ CMV[YQYCè Vú HWPMELú PCEK PKL K RT\[VT\[OCL RT\[EKUM <#$'<2+'%<'0+# 24<'& &<+'ç/+ RT\G\
UGMWPF[ 2Q CMV[YCELK WU [U\[U\ F YKúM C RT\[EKUM <#$'<2+'%<'0+# 24<'& &<+'ç/+ RQ\QUVCPKG
RQF YKGVNQP[ 2Q CMV[YQYCPKW VGL HWPMELK YU\[UVMKG RT\[EKUMK DúFæ \CDNQMQYCPG
#D[ Y[ æE\[è Vú HWPMELú Y[UVCTE\[ YEKUPæè K RT\[VT\[OCè RT\[EKUM <#$'<2+'%<'0+# 24<'& &<+'ç/+
RT\G\ UGMWPF[ C FQ WU [U\GPKC F YKúMW MVÎT[ RQVYKGTF\K Y[ æE\GPKG HWPMELK C RT\[EKUM PKG DúF\KG LW
RQF YKGVNQP[
178
Rys. 9
Rys. 10
Rys. 11
a
Rys. 12
Rys. 13
Rys. 14
c
b