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ISP: Internet Service Provider. A company that provides subscribers with access to the Internet, usually through
telephone lines via modems.
LAPM: Link Access Procedure for Modems - a protocol which controls the handshake between two modems.
Layer protocol : A standard of the ISO (International Standards Organization) which defines everything regarding
data communications from the hardware to the screen display in seven levels.
LED: Light Emitting Diode - a display element.
LINE: The jack on the rear panel which is connected to the wall phone outlet.
Mailer: A program which works with a remote BBS and requests and distributes messages automatically.
Memory: A fast storage component of a computer where data can be saved and from where it can be retrieved.
MNP: Protocols for error correction and data compression from Microcom, Inc.
Modem: An artificial word concatenated from modulator and demodulator. A modem translates the digital signals
received from its local DTE to analog signals which are transmitted via a telephone line. At the other end, the ana-
log signals are demodulated and sent to the DTE as digital signals again.
Modulation: Translating digital states to analog waveforms.
Off-line: A modem which is not connected to another modem is off-line.
On-line: A modem which is engaged in a connection with another modem is on-line.
Originate : In a modem connection, one modem must work in the originate mode, the other in the answer mode.
Packed data: Data from which redundant information has been removed. Some file extensions denote packed files.
Standard extensions are .ZIP, .ARC, .LZH, .TAR, .ZOO and others. If you transfer packed data don't use MNP5
compression.
Parity: A method to check whether a character has been correctly transmitted in asynchronous transfer. Usual
settings are even parity and odd parity. In a connection, the modems at both ends must use the same parity settings.
Parity bit: The parity bit is sent as additional information with the data bits in asynchronous transfers. It controls
the integrity of the transferred data. If parity is even, the parity bit is set if an uneven number of data bits is sent in
the character, resulting in an even number of set bits.
AT
PC: Personal Computer - acronym for computers which are compatible with the IBM PC or
computers.
PHONE: Jack to which a telephone set may be connected.
Processing unit: A computer's brain. Here all the necessary calculations are performed.
Protocol, file transfer: Many protocols have been developed to ensure reliable data transfer at maximum speed,
among them Xmodem, Ymodem, Zmodem and Kermit. With modern modems, the use of integrated hardware
protocols (MNP4 and V.42) is recommended. The G-flavors of the above mentioned Ymodem and Zmodem allow
transfers of multiple files with no additional error correction.
PSTN: The public network that delivers telephone services worldwide.
Public Domain: A special form of distributing software. Public domain software authors make no claim to com-
mercialize their rights.
QUIET: A state in the voice mode of ZyXEL modems. Quiet is detected after a long pause in voice data.
RAM: Random Access Memory - working memory. The modem uses it among many other uses to store informa-
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